职称英语考试重点语法解析

　　状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。

　　根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词（从属连词）引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

　　让步状语从句

　　(1)although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。

　　Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted.

　　(2)even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，"“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。

　　I'll get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.

　　(3)no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。

　　Don't trust him, no matter what / whatever he says.

　　Whoever breaks the law will be published.

　　No matter how hard the work is, you'd better try to do it well.

　　(4)as也可以引导让步状语从句，要用倒装。

　　Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.

　　Much as I like it, I won't buy.

　　Try as he would, he couldn't lift the heavy box.

　　时间状语从句

　　(1)as、when、while

　　as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。

　　She came up as I was cooking.（同时）

　　The runners started as the gun went off.（几乎同时）

　　when：（at or during the time that）既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。

　　It was raining when we arrived.（指时间点）

　　When we were at school, we went to the library every day.（在一段时间内）

　　while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。

　　Please don't talk so loud while others are working.

　　He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.（用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁……”）

　　(2)引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：

　　①till、not…until…、until、before、since

　　Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.

　　He waited for his father until(till)it was twelve o'clock.

　　It will be five years before he returns from England.

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